People all throughout the world still use conventional health care procedures that have been around for a long time. India's contribution to the expansion of conventional health care systems is still the best. The current research evaluates the efficacy of traditional healthcare systems and medicinal plants in India, which have historically contributed to healthcare and are regarded as the primary option for the treatment of many chronic conditions. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather information on India's traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, homeopathy, and Siddha. A thorough examination of data indicates that Ayurveda is one of the most ancient medical systems developed in India. It is a whole system of therapy that includes a healthy food, medication, and activities like exercise and good conduct. Plants play a big role in Indian medicine since they are used to make medicines. There are more than 6,500 kinds of plants in India that are employed by different types of traditional health care practitioners. The Government of India's efforts to improve and manage these ancient health care systems are also spoken about.